PA4.6: Polyamide 4.6

General Properties

Short Name:

Name:

PA4.6

Polyamide 4.6

Polyamide 4.6 (PA4.6) is a polycondensation product of tetramethylene diamine and adipic acid. Polyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids of the type H₂N–(CH₂)_x–NH₂ and HOOC–(CH₂)_y–COOH are designated PAZ1.Z2, where Z1 refers to the number of carbon atoms in the diamine and Z2 to the number of carbon atoms in the dicarboxylic acid (Z1 = x, Z2 = y + 2, see structural formula).

Structural Formula

Properties

Glass Transition TemperatureThe glass transition is one of the most important properties of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials, e.g., inorganic glasses, amorphous metals, polymers, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients, etc., and describes the temperature region where the mechanical properties of the materials change from hard and brittle to more soft, deformable or rubbery.Glass Transition Temperature	70 to 94°C
Melting Temperatures and EnthalpiesThe enthalpy of fusion of a substance, also known as latent heat, is a measure of the energy input, typically heat, which is necessary to convert a substance from solid to liquid state. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid (crystalline) to liquid (isotropic melt).Melting Temperature	290 to 295°C
Melting Temperatures and EnthalpiesThe enthalpy of fusion of a substance, also known as latent heat, is a measure of the energy input, typically heat, which is necessary to convert a substance from solid to liquid state. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid (crystalline) to liquid (isotropic melt).Melting Enthalpy	-
Decomposition reactionA decomposition reaction is a thermally induced reaction of a chemical compound forming solid and/or gaseous products. Decomposition Temperature	440 to 450°C
Young's Modulus	3300 MPa
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE/CTE) The coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) describes the length change of a material as a function of the temperature.Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion	70 to 80 *10^-6/K
Specific Heat Capacity	2.1 J/(g*K)
Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.Thermal Conductivity	0.3 W/(m*K)
DensityThe mass density is defined as the ratio between mass and volume. Density	1.18 to 1.21 g/cm³
Morphology	Semi-crystalline thermoplastic
General properties	High heat resistance. High stiffness and stability at higher temperatures. Good CreepCreep describes a time and temperature dependent plastic deformation under a constant force. When a constant force is applied to a rubber compound, the initial deformation obtained due to the application of the force is not fixed. The deformation will increase with time.creep resistance. Good chemical resistance
Processing	Extrusion
Applications	Mechanical and apparatus engineering. Automotive engineering. Electro and electrical engineering. Fibers, zip ties

NETZSCH Measurement

Instrument	DSC 204 `F1` `Phoenix^®`
Sample Mass	10.68 mg
IsothermalTests at controlled and constant temperature are called isothermal.Isothermal Phase	5 min
Heating/Colling Rates	10 K/min
Crucible	Al, pierced lid
Atmosphere	N₂ (50 ml/min)

Evaluation

In this example, an endothermal melting effect was observed with a peak temperature of 292°C (2^nd heating, red) and an enthalpy of 91 J/g. The midpoint temperature of 58°C of the Glass Transition TemperatureThe glass transition is one of the most important properties of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials, e.g., inorganic glasses, amorphous metals, polymers, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients, etc., and describes the temperature region where the mechanical properties of the materials change from hard and brittle to more soft, deformable or rubbery.glass transition in the 1^st heating (blue) increased to 74°C in the 2^nd heating (red) as a result of water evaporation (small peak at 129°C with an enthalpy of 0.6 J/g) during the 1^st heating. The shoulder at around 240°C prior to the main melting peak in the 1^st heating is due to the thermomechanical history of the sample since it was absent in the 2^nd heating.