Highlights
素晴らしい機能を備えたあらゆるサイズの試料に対応。
当社のヒートフローメーターHFM 446 Lambda Smallは、革新的な機能を兼ね備えています:
オートキャリブレーション、ウィザード、ユーザー定義メソッド、詳細レポートなどの直感的なツールにより、測定、評価、レポート作成プロセスを効率化します。デュアル熱流束トランスデューサーを装備した本装置は、試料への熱流および試料からの熱流をモニターする際の精度と感度をお約束します。熱伝導率既知の標準物質による校正は精度を高め、様々な校正オプションはさらに精度を高めます。
熱伝導率の測定に加え、当社のハードウェアとソフトウェアは比熱容量(Specific Heat Capacity (cp)Heat capacity is a material-specific physical quantity, determined by the amount of heat supplied to specimen, divided by the resulting temperature increase. The specific heat capacity is related to a unit mass of the specimen.cp)の測定を可能にし、熱特性の包括的な分析を提供します。さらに、本装置はエコモードにより省資源を優先しており、省エネスタンバイやアイドルモードでの迅速な測定開始が可能です。また、スケジューラーを使って起動タイミングを簡単にカスタマイズでき、操作の効率化を促進します。
Saving and Efficient use of Energy
Today, global attention towards saving and efficiently using energy has never been higher. Industries and academia worldwide are actively researching ways to conserve energy and utilize alternative resources. Among the key focuses are insulation materials and thermal efficiency in buildings, holding vast potential. Ensuring high-quality manufacturing and strict performance control of these materials is paramount.
Various standards and guidelines govern these products to guarantee their efficacy, given the massive production volumes globally. Our latest offering, the HFM 446 Lambda Eco-Line, ensures peak energy efficiency in measuring Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.Thermal Conductivity.
Method
Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.Thermal Conductivity - A Key Parameter for Improved Energy Efficiency
Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat. It quantifies how well heat can move through a substance. The most common method for measuring Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity is the steady-state method, also known as the heat flow meter method.
In this method, a sample of the material with known dimensions is placed between two plates of different temperatures. One plate is heated, while the other is cooled, creating a temperature gradient across the material. Heat flows through the sample from the hot plate to the cold plate. The rate of heat transfer (heat flux) and the temperature difference across the sample are measured.
Using Fourier's law of heat conduction, which relates the heat flux, temperature gradient, and Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity of the material, the Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity of the sample can be calculated. This calculation accounts for factors such as the dimensions of the sample and the thermal resistance at the interface between the sample and the plates.
By repeating the measurements with different samples and under various conditions, the Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity of the material can be accurately determined. This information is crucial for evaluating the insulation properties of materials used in building construction, electronics, and various other applications where heat transfer is a concern.
The HFM is an exact, fast and easy-to-use instrument for measuring the low Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity λ of insulation materials.
In a heat flow meter (HFM), the test specimen is placed between two heated plates controlled to a user-defined mean sample temperature and temperature gradient to measure heat flowing through the specimen. The sample thickness L is measured by an internal thickness gauge. Alternatively, the user can enter and drive to the desired thickness, which is of particular interest for compressible samples. The heat flow Q through the sample is measured by two calibrated heat flux transducers covering a large area of both sides of the specimen.
After reaching thermal equilibrium, the test is done. The heat flux transducer output is calibrated using a reference standard. For the calculation of the thermal conductivity λ and the thermal resistance R, the average heat flux Q/A, the sample thickness L, and the temperature gradient ΔT are used, in accordance with Fourier’s Law (see formulas on the right). The thermal transmittance, also known as U-value, is the reciprocal of the total thermal resistance. The lower the U-value, the better the insulating ability.
NETZSCH offers more exciting products that support you in measuring Thermal Conductivity:
Specifications
HFM 446 Lambda Small | |
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Standards | ASTM C518, ISO 8301, JIS A1412, DIN EN 12667, DIN EN 12664 |
Type | Stand-alone, with integrated printer |
Thermal conductivity range | 0.007 to 2 W/(m·K)**
Small and Medium: 2.0 W/(m·K) achievable with optional instrumentation kit, recommended for hard materials and those with higher thermal conductivity Performance data:
→ All performance data is verified with NIST SRM 1450 D (thickness 25 mm) |
Plate temperature range | -20°C to 90°C |
Air-tight system | Sample compartment with possibility to introduce purge gas |
Metering area heat flux transducer | 102 mm x 102 mm |
Chiller system | External; constant temperature setpoint over plate temperature range |
Plate temperature control | Peltier system |
Plate motion | Motorized |
Plate thermocouples | Three thermocouples on each plate, type K (two extra thermocouples with instrumentation kit) |
Thermocouple resolution | ± 0.01°C |
Number of setpoints | Up to 99 |
Specimen sizes (max.) | 203 mm x 203 mm x 51 mm |
Variable load/ contact force | 0 to 854 N (21 kPa on 203 x 203 mm²) Force-controlled adjustment of the contact force or the desired thickness, and thus DensityThe mass density is defined as the ratio between mass and volume. density, of compressible materials |
Thickness determination |
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Software features |
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** Please note: In the very low thermal conductivity range, accuracy of Lambda (λ) values can be restricted
Accessories and more:
Brochures and Data Sheets
Software
All software highlights at a glance
Highest Usability
SmartMode is the user-friendly, smoothly running user interface of the HFM Proteus® software. It is characterized by a logical structure which quickly gives a clear overview of the current measurement status and provides various report and export possibilities. After completing the test, all relevant results can be directly printed out by the integrated printer or a report can be created by the software when a PC is connected.
Calibration in Next to no Time
For calibration purposes, the thermal conductivity values of the most common certified reference materials, such as NIST SRM 1450d, are already stored in the software. However, AutoCalibration also offers the ability to create calibration curves for any user-defined material on the basis of up to 99 freely selectable temperatures.
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Related Devices
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