POLYMERS

Polymer Analysis in Detail

The No. 1 thermo-analytical method for polymers is DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), with which thermal effects and derived parameters such as melting, CrystallizationCrystallization is the physical process of hardening during the formation and growth of crystals. During this process, heat of crystallization is released.crystallization, crosslinking, Glass Transition TemperatureThe glass transition is one of the most important properties of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials, e.g., inorganic glasses, amorphous metals, polymers, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients, etc., and describes the temperature region where the mechanical properties of the materials change from hard and brittle to more soft, deformable or rubbery.glass transition, Specific Heat Capacity (cp)Heat capacity is a material-specific physical quantity, determined by the amount of heat supplied to specimen, divided by the resulting temperature increase. The specific heat capacity is related to a unit mass of the specimen.specific heat capacity and OxidationOxidation can describe different processes in the context of thermal analysis.oxidation can be investigated.

TGA (Thermogravimetry) provides information about the composition and thermostability of polymers, polymer mixtures and blends. In addition, gas analyses can be performed via coupling with QMS (Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry) or FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy).

Dilatometry and TMA (Thermomechanical Analysis) yield information on expansion or shrinkage behavior as well as on the coefficient of thermal expansion. DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) also provides values for the coefficient of elasticity and information regarding visco-elastic behavior, aging, CreepCreep은 일정한 힘 아래에서 시간과 온도에 따라 달라지는 소성 변형을 나타냅니다. 고무 화합물에 일정한 힘이 가해지면 가해진 힘에 인해 발생하는 초기 변형이 고정되지 않습니다. 변형은 시간이 지남에 따라 증가합니다creep and RelaxationRelaxation은 고무에 일정한 변형률이 가해지면, 변형률을 유지하기 위해 필요한 힘은 일정하지는 않지만 시간에 따라 감소합니다. 이러한 특성을 ‘응력 완화’라고 부릅니다. 응력완화의 원인이 되는 과정은 물리적 또는 화학적 그리고 정상적인 조건 하에, 둘 다 동시에 일어날 수 있습니다. relaxation.

With DEA (Dielectric Analysis), the Curing (Crosslinking Reactions)Literally translated, the term “crosslinking“ means “cross networking”. In the chemical context, it is used for reactions in which molecules are linked together by introducing covalent bonds and forming three-dimensional networks.curing behavior of reactive resin systems can be measured, even during processing.

LFA (Laser/Light Flash Analysis) measures the Thermal DiffusivityThermal diffusivity (a with the unit mm2/s) is a material-specific property for characterizing unsteady heat conduction. This value describes how quickly a material reacts to a change in temperature.thermal diffusivity (even for thermoplastic melts); using that information, the Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity can then be calculated. A tried and tested method for determining the Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity of polymer isolation foams is the measurement of heat flow by means of HFM.

 DSC

Pressure-

DSC

Photo-

DSC

TGA/

STA

DILTMADMADEALFA

 HFM/

GHP

Thermoplasticso---
Thermoplastic Elastomerso---
Elastomers/Rubberso-oo
Thermosetso
Paints/Coatingso-o-
Adhesives-oo-
Foams--o-
Composites---

legend:
• ideal
o possible with some effort
- not possible, not practical

Please choose your polymer application field. Using various issues as examples, you will get detailed insight into the world of Thermal Analysis.