PA11: Polyamide 11

General Properties

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PA11

Polyamide 11

Polyamide 11, also often referred to as nylon 11, belongs to the group of linear aliphatic polymers with regularly repeating carbonamide groups -CO−NH- along the main chain. For all polyamides, which can be derived from amino-carbon acids of the type H₂N–(CH₂)_x–COOH or the corresponding lactams, the associated number Z (here 11) refers to the amount of carbon atoms in the monomer (Z = x+1, see structural formula).

Structural Formula

Properties

Glass Transition TemperatureThe glass transition is one of the most important properties of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials, e.g., inorganic glasses, amorphous metals, polymers, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients, etc., and describes the temperature region where the mechanical properties of the materials change from hard and brittle to more soft, deformable or rubbery.Glass Transition Temperature	40 to 55°C
Melting Temperatures and EnthalpiesThe enthalpy of fusion of a substance, also known as latent heat, is a measure of the energy input, typically heat, which is necessary to convert a substance from solid to liquid state. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid (crystalline) to liquid (isotropic melt).Melting Temperature	180 to 190°C
Melting Temperatures and EnthalpiesThe enthalpy of fusion of a substance, also known as latent heat, is a measure of the energy input, typically heat, which is necessary to convert a substance from solid to liquid state. The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid (crystalline) to liquid (isotropic melt).Melting Enthalpy	224 J/g
Decomposition reactionA decomposition reaction is a thermally induced reaction of a chemical compound forming solid and/or gaseous products. Decomposition Temperature	430 to 455°C
Young's Modulus	1400 MPa
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (CLTE/CTE) The coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) describes the length change of a material as a function of the temperature.Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion	85 to 120 *10^-6/K
Specific Heat Capacity	1.26 J/(g*K)
Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.Thermal Conductivity	0.23 to 0.28 W/(m*K)
DensityThe mass density is defined as the ratio between mass and volume. Density	1.03 to 1.05 g/cm³
Morphology	Semi-crystalline thermoplastic
General properties	Good combination of stability, toughness and hardness. High aging resistance. Good chemical resistance. Low water absorption compared to other polyamide types
Processing	Extrusion
Applications	Transportation, Packaging, tubes and films, Medicine, Electrical and electronics industry

NETZSCH Measurement

Instrument	DSC 204 `F1` `Phoenix^®`
Sample Mass	11.29 mg
IsothermalTests at controlled and constant temperature are called isothermal.Isothermal Phase	3 min
Heating/Colling Rates	10 K/min
Crucible	Al, pierced lid
Atmosphere	N₂ (40 ml/min)

Evaluation

Polyamides can absorb humidity. This aff ects the position of the Glass Transition TemperatureThe glass transition is one of the most important properties of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials, e.g., inorganic glasses, amorphous metals, polymers, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients, etc., and describes the temperature region where the mechanical properties of the materials change from hard and brittle to more soft, deformable or rubbery.glass transition due to the plasticizing properties of water. In the measuring curves shown above, a small peak can be seen in the 1^st heating (blue) at 82°C, probably due to the evapo- ration of water. As a result, the Glass Transition TemperatureThe glass transition is one of the most important properties of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials, e.g., inorganic glasses, amorphous metals, polymers, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients, etc., and describes the temperature region where the mechanical properties of the materials change from hard and brittle to more soft, deformable or rubbery.glass transition temperature increases from 51°C in the 1^st heating (blue, midpoint) to 53°C in the 2^nd heating (red, again midpoint). Endothermal melting of the semi-crystalline polymer occurs at 184°C (peak temperature) in the 2^nd heating with a melting enthalpy of 52 J/g.