| Thermogravimetry (TGA) | Mass changes, Decomposition reactionA decomposition reaction is a thermally induced reaction of a chemical compound forming solid and/or gaseous products. decomposition, Thermal StabilityA material is thermally stable if it does not decompose under the influence of temperature. One way to determine the thermal stability of a substance is to use a TGA (thermogravimetric analyzer). thermal stability | RT to 2400°C | Inert, oxidizing, reducing, static, dynamic, vacuum | Crucible volume: up to 10 ml | ASTM E914, E1131, E1868 / DIN 51006 / ISO 7111, 11358 |
| Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) | Phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, Specific Heat Capacity (cp)Heat capacity is a material-specific physical quantity, determined by the amount of heat supplied to specimen, divided by the resulting temperature increase. The specific heat capacity is related to a unit mass of the specimen.specific heat capacity | -150 to 1650°C | Inert, oxidizing, static, dynamic | Crucible volume: up to 190 μl | ASTM C351, D3417, D3418, D3895, D4565, E793, E794 / DIN 51004, 51007, 53765, 65467 / DIN EN 728 / ISO 10837, 11357, 11409 |
High-Pressure DSC (up to 15 MPa, 150 bar) | Phase transition temperatures
and enthalpies, Specific Heat Capacity (cp)Heat capacity is a material-specific physical quantity, determined by the amount of heat supplied to specimen, divided by the resulting temperature increase. The specific heat capacity is related to a unit mass of the specimen.specific heat capacity | -50 to 600°C | Inert, reducing, oxidizing, other gases on request | Crucible volume: up to 190 μl | ASTM D5483, D6186, E1782, E1858, E2009 |
| Photo-DSC | Analysis of photo-initiated reactions, influence of UV stabilizers, UV-light Curing (Crosslinking Reactions)Literally translated, the term “crosslinking“ means “cross networking”. In the chemical context, it is used for reactions in which molecules are linked together by introducing covalent bonds and forming three-dimensional networks.curing | -100 to 200°C | Inert, oxidizing, dynamic | Crucible volume: up to 85 μl | |
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) | Phase transition temperatures | -150 to 2400°C | Inert, oxidizing, reducing, static, dynamic | Crucible volume: up to 900 μl | ASTM C351, D3417, D3418, D3895, D4565, E793, E794 / DIN 51004, 51007 / ISO 10837 |
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA) | Phase transition temperatures and enthalpies, Specific Heat Capacity (cp)Heat capacity is a material-specific physical quantity, determined by the amount of heat supplied to specimen, divided by the resulting temperature increase. The specific heat capacity is related to a unit mass of the specimen.specific heat capacity, mass changes, Thermal StabilityA material is thermally stable if it does not decompose under the influence of temperature. One way to determine the thermal stability of a substance is to use a TGA (thermogravimetric analyzer). thermal stability | -150 to 2400°C | Inert, reducing, oxidizing, static, dynamic, vacuum | DSC pan: 190 μl DTA crucible: 900 μl | ASTM E914, E1131, E1868 / DIN 51006 / ISO 7111, 11358 |
| Evolved Gas Analysis (EGA) | Characterization of gases emitted by means of MS, GC-MS or FT-IR, coupled to a TGA or STA | RT to 2000°C | | On request | |
Dilatometry (DIL) and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) | Dimensional changes, coefficient of expansion, DensityThe mass density is defined as the ratio between mass and volume. density changes | -180 to 2800°C | Inert, oxidizing, reducing, vacuum | DIL: 25 mm, Ø 6 mm* TMA: 10 mm, Ø 6 mm* | ASTM E228, E831, E1545, E1824 / DIN 51045 / ISO 11359 |
| Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) | Visco-elastic behavior | -170 to 800°C | Inert, oxidizing | On request | ASTM D4092, D4065, D4473, D5023, D5024, D5026, D5418, E1640, E1867 / DIN EN 53440 / DIN EN ISO 6721 |
| Heat Flow Meter (HFM) and Guarded Hot Plate (GHP) | Thermal conductivity of insulating materials | -160 to 600°C | GHP: inert, oxidizing or vacuum | HFM standard size: 305 mm x 305 mm* GHP: 300 mm x 300 mm | ASTM C177, C518 / DIN EN 12667, 12939, 13163 / ISO 8301, 8302 |
| Laser/Light Flash Methods (LFA) | Thermal DiffusivityThermal diffusivity (a with the unit mm2/s) is a material-specific property for characterizing unsteady heat conduction. This value describes how quickly a material reacts to a change in temperature.Thermal diffusivity and Thermal ConductivityThermal conductivity (λ with the unit W/(m•K)) describes the transport of energy – in the form of heat – through a body of mass as the result of a temperature gradient (see fig. 1). According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat always flows in the direction of the lower temperature.thermal conductivity | -100 to 2000°C | Inert, oxidizing, static and dynamic | Standard size: Ø 12.7 mm * | ASTM E1461 / DIN EN 821 |
| Dielectric Analysis (DEA) | Curing behavior of reactive polymers | RT to 400°C | | On request | ASTM E2038, E2039 |
| Seebeck Coefficient (Electrical Conductivity (SBA)Electrical conductivity is a physical property indicating a material's ability to allow the transport of an electric charge.SBA) | Seebeck coefficient, Electrical Conductivity (SBA)Electrical conductivity is a physical property indicating a material's ability to allow the transport of an electric charge.electrical conductivity | -125 to 1100°C | Inert, oxidizing, reducing | Max. Ø 25.4 mm | |
| Rotational Rheometry | Shear viscosity, Yield StressYield stress is defined as the stress below which no flow occurs; literally behaves like a weak solid at rest and a liquid when yielded.yield stress, ThixotropyFor most liquids, shear thinning is reversible and the liquids will at some point in time gain their original viscosity when a shearing force is removed.thixotropy, viscoelastic properties, Curing (Crosslinking Reactions)Literally translated, the term “crosslinking“ means “cross networking”. In the chemical context, it is used for reactions in which molecules are linked together by introducing covalent bonds and forming three-dimensional networks.curing, tribology | -40 to 450°C | Ambient, inert | On request | DIN 51810 / ASTM D6373 / AASHTO T315 / EN 13302 /
FGSV 720 and many more |
| Capillary Rheometry | Shear and extensional viscosity, die swell, melt strength, pvt | 5 to 500°C | Ambient, inert | On request | ASTM D3835, D5099 /
ISO 17744, 11443 |
| Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC)The method describing isothermal and adiabatic test procedures used to detect thermally exothermic decomposition reactions.ARC®/MMC) | Temperature and pressure in combination with Heat-Wait-Search (HWS)Heat-Wait-Search is a measurement mode used in calorimeter devices according to accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC).heat-wait-search (Heat-Wait-Search (HWS)Heat-Wait-Search is a measurement mode used in calorimeter devices according to accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC).HWS), Thermal runawayA thermal runaway is the situation where a chemical reactor is out of control with respect to temperature and/or pressure production caused by the chemical reaction itself. Simulation of a thermal runaway is usually carried out using a calorimeter device according to accelerated rate calorimetry (ARC).thermal runaway, Worst-Case ScenarioRelated to a chemical reactor, a worst-case scenario is the situation where temperature and/or pressure production caused by the reaction runs out of control.worst-case scenario testing | RT to 500°C | Nitrogen/air static up to 150 bar | up to 130 mL | ASTM E1981 |
| Kinetics (model-free and model-based methods) | Comprehensive package for kinetic evaluation, prediction and process optimization. Available for different methods incl. DSC, TGA, STA, DIL, Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC)The method describing isothermal and adiabatic test procedures used to detect thermally exothermic decomposition reactions.ARC®, etc. | Depending on process | Depending on process | Depending on method | |
